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Also known as the first fundamental form, ds^2=g_(ab)dx^adx^b. In the principal axis frame for three dimensions, ds^2=g_(11)(dx^1)^2+g_(22)(dx^2)^2+g_(33)(dx^3)^2. At ...

Two or more functions, equations, or vectors f_1, f_2, ..., which are not linearly dependent, i.e., cannot be expressed in the form a_1f_1+a_2f_2+...+a_nf_n=0 with a_1, a_2, ...

Let K be a field of field characteristic 0 (e.g., the rationals Q) and let {u_n} be a sequence of elements of K which satisfies a difference equation of the form ...

Polynomials s_n(x) which form the Sheffer sequence for f^(-1)(t)=1+t-e^t, (1) where f^(-1)(t) is the inverse function of f(t), and have generating function ...

The term metric signature refers to the signature of a metric tensor g=g_(ij) on a smooth manifold M, a tool which quantifies the numbers of positive, zero, and negative ...

Two objects form a mirror pair if one can be translated and rotated in such a way that the two objects together possess mirror symmetry, i.e., one is the mirror image of the ...

The "natural exponential function" is the name sometimes given in elementary contexts to the function f(x)=e^x, where e =2.718... is the base of the natural logarithm. While ...

The Pappus spiral is the name given to the conical spiral with parametric equations x(t) = asin(alphat)cost (1) y(t) = asin(alphat)sint (2) x(t) = acos(alphat) (3) by ...

The involute of a parabola x = at^2 (1) y = at (2) is given by x_i = -(atsinh^(-1)(2t))/(2sqrt(4t^2+1)) (3) y_i = a(1/2t-(sinh^(-1)(2t))/(4sqrt(4t^2+1))). (4) Defining ...

The symbol +/- is used to denote a quantity which should be both added and subtracted, as in a+/-b. The symbol can be used to denote a range of uncertainty, or to denote a ...