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For any two nonzero p-adic numbers a and b, the Hilbert symbol is defined as (a,b)={1 if z^2=ax^2+by^2 has a nonzero solution; -1 otherwise. (1) If the p-adic field is not ...

A homogeneous ideal I in a graded ring R= direct sum A_i is an ideal generated by a set of homogeneous elements, i.e., each one is contained in only one of the A_i. For ...

The solid cut from a horizontal cylinder of length L and radius R by a single plane oriented parallel to the cylinder's axis of symmetry (i.e., a portion of a horizontal ...

As Lagrange showed, any irrational number alpha has an infinity of rational approximations p/q which satisfy |alpha-p/q|<1/(sqrt(5)q^2). (1) Furthermore, if there are no ...

The expected value B_n(s) of r^s from a fixed vertex of a unit n-cube to a point picked at random in the interior of the hypercube is given by B_n(s) = ...

The hyperfactorial (Sloane and Plouffe 1995) is the function defined by H(n) = K(n+1) (1) = product_(k=1)^(n)k^k, (2) where K(n) is the K-function. The hyperfactorial is ...

A hypergeometric series sum_(k)c_k is a series for which c_0=1 and the ratio of consecutive terms is a rational function of the summation index k, i.e., one for which ...

An improper integral is a definite integral that has either or both limits infinite or an integrand that approaches infinity at one or more points in the range of ...

A real-valued univariate function f=f(x) is said to have an infinite discontinuity at a point x_0 in its domain provided that either (or both) of the lower or upper limits of ...

A product involving an infinite number of terms. Such products can converge. In fact, for positive a_n, the product product_(n=1)^(infty)a_n converges to a nonzero number iff ...