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Arc length is defined as the length along a curve, s=int_gamma|dl|, (1) where dl is a differential displacement vector along a curve gamma. For example, for a circle of ...

The equations defined by q^. = (partialH)/(partialp) (1) p^. = -(partialH)/(partialq), (2) where p^.=dp/dt and q^.=dq/dt is fluxion notation and H is the so-called ...

For a curve with radius vector r(t), the unit tangent vector T^^(t) is defined by T^^(t) = (r^.)/(|r^.|) (1) = (r^.)/(s^.) (2) = (dr)/(ds), (3) where t is a parameterization ...

J_(nualphabeta)^mu=J_(nubetaalpha)^mu=1/2(R_(alphanubeta)^mu+R_(betanualpha)^mu), where R is the Riemann tensor.

Orthogonal contravariant and covariant satisfy g_(ik)g^(ij)=delta_k^j, where delta_j^k is the Kronecker delta.

A tensor g whose discriminant satisfies g=g_(11)g_(22)-g_(12)^2>0.

A quantity which transforms like a tensor except for a scalar factor of a Jacobian.

The tensor defined by T^l_(jk)=-(Gamma^l_(jk)-Gamma^l_(kj)), where Gamma^l_(jk) are Christoffel symbols of the first kind.

An algorithm which finds rational function extrapolations of the form R_(i(i+1)...(i+m))=(P_mu(x))/(P_nu(x))=(p_0+p_1x+...+p_mux^mu)/(q_0+q_1x+...+q_nux^nu) and can be used ...

The four-dimensional version of the gradient, encountered frequently in general relativity and special relativity, is del _mu=[1/cpartial/(partialt); partial/(partialx); ...