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A coordinate system similar to toroidal coordinates but with fourth-degree instead of second-degree surfaces for constant mu so that the toroids of circular cross section are ...

The study of an extension of derivatives and integrals to noninteger orders. Fractional calculus is based on the definition of the fractional integral as ...

A Fredholm integral equation of the first kind is an integral equation of the form f(x)=int_a^bK(x,t)phi(t)dt, (1) where K(x,t) is the kernel and phi(t) is an unknown ...

The end of the last gap in the Lagrange spectrum, given by F=(2221564096+283748sqrt(462))/(491993569)=4.5278295661... (OEIS A118472). Real numbers greater than F are members ...

A functional is a real-valued function on a vector space V, usually of functions. For example, the energy functional on the unit disk D assigns a number to any differentiable ...

If X is a locally compact T2-space, then the set C_ degrees(X) of all continuous complex valued functions on X vanishing at infinity (i.e., for each epsilon>0, the set {x in ...

The generalized hypergeometric function F(x)=_pF_q[alpha_1,alpha_2,...,alpha_p; beta_1,beta_2,...,beta_q;x] satisfies the equation where theta=x(partial/partialx) is the ...

A number given by the generating function (2t)/(e^t+1)=sum_(n=1)^inftyG_n(t^n)/(n!). (1) It satisfies G_1=1, G_3=G_5=G_7=...=0, and even coefficients are given by G_(2n) = ...

Given a hereditary representation of a number n in base b, let B[b](n) be the nonnegative integer which results if we syntactically replace each b by b+1 (i.e., B[b] is a ...

The term "gradient" has several meanings in mathematics. The simplest is as a synonym for slope. The more general gradient, called simply "the" gradient in vector analysis, ...