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The tail of a vector AB^-> is the initial point A, i.e., the point at which the vector originates. The tails of a statistical distribution with probability density function ...

Possessing a single unique mode. The term unimodal distribution, which refers to a distribution having a single local maximum is a slight corruption of this definition.

The mode of a set of observations is the most commonly occurring value. For example, for a data set (3, 7, 3, 9, 9, 3, 5, 1, 8, 5) (left histogram), the unique mode is 3. ...

An outlier is an observation that lies outside the overall pattern of a distribution (Moore and McCabe 1999). Usually, the presence of an outlier indicates some sort of ...

The term "range" has two completely different meanings in statistics. Given order statistics Y_1=min_(j)X_j, Y_2, ..., Y_(N-1), Y_N=max_(j)X_j, the range of the random sample ...

The word population has a number of distinct but closely related meanings in statistics. 1. A finite and actually existing group of objects which, although possibly large, ...

The score function u(theta) is the partial derivativeof the log-likelihood function F(theta)=lnL(theta), where L(theta) is the standard likelihood function. Defining the ...

Let the absolute frequencies of occurrence of an event in a number of class intervals be denoted f_1, f_2, .... The cumulative frequency corresponding to the upper boundary ...

The tabulation of raw data obtained by dividing it into classes of some size and computing the number of data elements (or their fraction out of the total) falling within ...

Divide a set of data into two groups (high and low) of equal size at the statistical median if there is an even number of data points, or two groups consisting of points on ...