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The (complete) gamma function Gamma(n) is defined to be an extension of the factorial to complex and real number arguments. It is related to the factorial by Gamma(n)=(n-1)!, ...

A Pythagorean triple is a triple of positive integers a, b, and c such that a right triangle exists with legs a,b and hypotenuse c. By the Pythagorean theorem, this is ...

In August 2002, M. Agrawal and colleagues announced a deterministic algorithm for determining if a number is prime that runs in polynomial time (Agrawal et al. 2004). While ...

An abundant number, sometimes also called an excessive number, is a positive integer n for which s(n)=sigma(n)-n>n, (1) where sigma(n) is the divisor function and s(n) is the ...

Apéry's numbers are defined by A_n = sum_(k=0)^(n)(n; k)^2(n+k; k)^2 (1) = sum_(k=0)^(n)([(n+k)!]^2)/((k!)^4[(n-k)!]^2) (2) = _4F_3(-n,-n,n+1,n+1;1,1,1;1), (3) where (n; k) ...

The Balaban 10-cage is one of the three (3,10)-cage graphs (Read and Wilson 1998, p. 272). The Balaban (3,10)-cage was the first known example of a 10-cage (Balaban 1973, ...

The binomial distribution gives the discrete probability distribution P_p(n|N) of obtaining exactly n successes out of N Bernoulli trials (where the result of each Bernoulli ...

The m-book graph is defined as the graph Cartesian product B_m=S_(m+1) square P_2, where S_m is a star graph and P_2 is the path graph on two nodes. The generalization of the ...

How far can a stack of n books protrude over the edge of a table without the stack falling over? It turns out that the maximum overhang possible d_n for n books (in terms of ...

A Boolean algebra is a mathematical structure that is similar to a Boolean ring, but that is defined using the meet and join operators instead of the usual addition and ...