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A set which is connected but not simply connected is called multiply connected. A space is n-multiply connected if it is (n-1)-connected and if every map from the n-sphere ...

The nullity of a linear transformation f:V->W of vector spaces is the dimension of its null space. The nullity and the map rank add up to the dimension of V, a result ...

A surface which is homeomorphic to a finite collection of spheres, each with a finite number of handles, cross-handles, cross-caps, and perforations. A preliminary version of ...

Teichmüller's theorem asserts the existence and uniqueness of the extremal quasiconformal map between two compact Riemann surfaces of the same genus modulo an equivalence ...

The 9.1.2 equation A^9=B^9+C^9 (1) is a special case of Fermat's last theorem with n=9, and so has no solution. No 9.1.3, 9.1.4, 9.1.5, 9.1.6, 9.1.7, 9.1.8, or 9.1.9 ...

The geometric span is largest possible distance between two points drawn from a finite set of points. It is therefore closely related to the generalized diameter of a closed ...

Let p be an odd prime, k be an integer such that pk and 1<=k<=2(p+1), and N=2kp+1. Then the following are equivalent 1. N is prime. 2. There exists an a such that ...

Let s_i be the orders of singular points on a curve (Coolidge 1959, p. 56). Harnack's first theorem states that a real irreducible curve of order n cannot have more than ...

The hypotenuse of a right triangle is the triangle's longest side, i.e., the side opposite the right angle. The word derives from the Greek hypo- ("under") and teinein ("to ...

Let x=(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) and y=(y_1,y_2,...,y_n) be nonincreasing sequences of real numbers. Then x majorizes y if, for each k=1, 2, ..., n, sum_(i=1)^kx_i>=sum_(i=1)^ky_i, ...