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A two-component complex column vector. Spinors can describe both bosons and fermions, while tensors can describe only bosons.

The combination of a central dilation and a rotation about the same center. However, the combination of a central dilation and a rotation whose centers are distinct is also a ...

The Steenrod algebra has to do with the cohomology operations in singular cohomology with integer mod 2 coefficients. For every n in Z and i in {0,1,2,3,...} there are ...

A coordinate system (mu,nu,psi) given by the coordinate transformation x = (mucospsi)/(mu^2+nu^2) (1) y = (musinpsi)/(mu^2+nu^2) (2) z = nu/(mu^2+nu^2) (3) and defined for ...

The contraction of a tensor is obtained by setting unlike indices equal and summing according to the Einstein summation convention. Contraction reduces the tensor rank by 2. ...

Let R be a commutative ring. A tensor category (C, tensor ,I,a,r,l) is said to be a tensor R-category if C is an R-category and if the tensor product functor is an R-bilinear ...

In each of the ten cases with zero or unit mass, the finite part of the scalar 3-loop tetrahedral vacuum Feynman diagram reduces to four-letter "words" that represent ...

A topological space M satisfying some separability (i.e., it is a T2-space) and countability (i.e., it is a paracompact space) conditions such that every point p in M has a ...

A torus with a hole that can eat another torus. The transformation is continuous, and so can be achieved by stretching only without tearing or making new holes in the tori.

If W is a k-dimensional subspace of a vector space V with inner product <,>, then it is possible to project vectors from V to W. The most familiar projection is when W is the ...