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A set of n variables which fix a geometric object. If the coordinates are distances measured along perpendicular axes, they are known as Cartesian coordinates. The study of ...

The covariant derivative of a contravariant tensor A^a (also called the "semicolon derivative" since its symbol is a semicolon) is given by A^a_(;b) = ...

If A=(a_(ij)) is a diagonal matrix, then Q(v)=v^(T)Av=suma_(ii)v_i^2 (1) is a diagonal quadratic form, and Q(v,w)=v^(T)Aw is its associated diagonal symmetric bilinear form. ...

Taking the ratio x/y of two numbers x and y, also written x÷y. Here, x is called the dividend, y is called the divisor, and x/y is called a quotient. The symbol "/" is called ...

An equalizer of a pair of maps f,g:X->Y in a category is a map e:E->X such that 1. f degreese=g degreese, where degrees denotes composition. 2. For any other map e^':E^'->X ...

A fiber of a map f:X->Y is the preimage of an element y in Y. That is, f^(-1)(y)={x in X:f(x)=y}. For instance, let X and Y be the complex numbers C. When f(z)=z^2, every ...

Let f:R×R->R be a one-parameter family of C^2 map satisfying f(0,0)=0 [(partialf)/(partialx)]_(mu=0,x=0)=0 [(partial^2f)/(partialx^2)]_(mu=0,x=0)>0 ...

When referring to a planar object, "free" means that the object is regarded as capable of being picked up out of the plane and flipped over. As a result, mirror images are ...

For a Galois extension field K of a field F, the fundamental theorem of Galois theory states that the subgroups of the Galois group G=Gal(K/F) correspond with the subfields ...

The generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method (Saad and Schultz 1986) is an extension of the minimal residual method (MINRES), which is only applicable to symmetric ...