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A projection of a figure by parallel rays. In such a projection, tangencies are preserved. Parallel lines project to parallel lines. The ratio of lengths of parallel segments ...

The center of an inner Soddy circle. It has equivalent triangle center functions alpha = 1+(2Delta)/(a(b+c-a)) (1) alpha = sec(1/2A)cos(1/2B)cos(1/2C)+1, (2) where Delta is ...

If two quantities A and B are approximately equal, this is written A approx B.

A pseudocylindrical map projection which distorts shape, area, scale, and distance to create attractive average projection properties.

The gnomonic projection is a nonconformal map projection obtained by projecting points P_1 (or P_2) on the surface of sphere from a sphere's center O to point P in a plane ...

If W is a k-dimensional subspace of a vector space V with inner product <,>, then it is possible to project vectors from V to W. The most familiar projection is when W is the ...

A double integral over three coordinates giving the area within some region R, A=intint_(R)dxdy. If a plane curve is given by y=f(x), then the area between the curve and the ...

Surface area is the area of a given surface. Roughly speaking, it is the "amount" of a surface (i.e., it is proportional to the amount of paint needed to cover it), and has ...

The orthographic projection is a projection from infinity that preserves neither area nor angle. It is given by x = cosphisin(lambda-lambda_0) (1) y = ...

The area element for a surface with first fundamental form ds^2=Edu^2+2Fdudv+Gdv^2 is dA=sqrt(EG-F^2)du ^ dv, where du ^ dv is the wedge product.