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A popular acronym for "principal ideal domain." In engineering circles, the acronym PID refers to the "proportional-integral-derivative method" algorithm for controlling ...

The fraction eta of a volume filled by a given collection of solids.

The Pappus spiral is the name given to the conical spiral with parametric equations x(t) = asin(alphat)cost (1) y(t) = asin(alphat)sint (2) x(t) = acos(alphat) (3) by ...

A curve given by the Cartesian equation b^2y^2=x^3(a-x). (1) It has area A=(a^3pi)/(8b). (2) The curvature is kappa(x)=(2b^2(3a^2-12ax+8x^2))/(sqrt(x)[4b^2(a-x)+(3a-4x)^2x]). ...

The pentagrammic deltohedron (Har'El 1993) is the dual polyhedron of the pentagrammic antiprism U_(79).

To find the minimum distance between a point in the plane (x_0,y_0) and a quadratic plane curve y=a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2, (1) note that the square of the distance is r^2 = ...

A polygrammic prism is a prism formed by two regular polygrams offset along their symmetry axis and with corresponding edges connected by lateral faces. The hexagrammic prism ...

Polynomial identities involving sums and differences of like powers include x^2-y^2 = (x-y)(x+y) (1) x^3-y^3 = (x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2) (2) x^3+y^3 = (x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2) (3) x^4-y^4 = ...

The contravariant four-vector arising in special and general relativity, x^mu=[x^0; x^1; x^2; x^3]=[ct; x; y; z], (1) where c is the speed of light and t is time. ...

A pyritohedron is an irregular dodecahedron composed of identical irregular pentagons. The name "pyritohedron" derives from that fact that a common crystal form in pyrite has ...