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An example of a subspace of the Euclidean plane that is connected but not pathwise-connected with respect to the relative topology. It is formed by the ray y=0, x<=0 and the ...

Let m_1, m_2, ..., m_n be distinct primitive elements of a two-dimensional lattice M such that det(m_i,m_(i+1))>0 for i=1, ..., n-1. Each collection Gamma={m_1,m_2,...,m_n} ...

A torispherical dome is the surface obtained from the intersection of a spherical cap with a tangent torus, as illustrated above. The radius of the sphere R is called the ...

Every planar graph (i.e., graph with graph genus 0) has an embedding on a torus. In contrast, toroidal graphs are embeddable on the torus, but not in the plane, i.e., they ...

The function defined by (1) (Heatley 1943; Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 509), where _1F_1(a;b;z) is a confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind and Gamma(z) is ...

The term "total curvature" is used in two different ways in differential geometry. The total curvature, also called the third curvature, of a space curve with line elements ...

For a graph G and a subset S^t of the vertex set V(G), denote by N_G^t[S^t] the set of vertices in G which are adjacent to a vertex in S^t. If N_G^t[S^t]=V(G), then S^t is ...

The total graph T(G) of a graph G has a vertex for each edge and vertex of G and an edge in T(G) for every edge-edge, vertex-edge, and vertex-vertex adjacency in G ...

The totient function phi(n), also called Euler's totient function, is defined as the number of positive integers <=n that are relatively prime to (i.e., do not contain any ...

A matrix for a round-robin tournament involving n players competing in n(n-1)/2 matches (no ties allowed) having entries a_(ij)={1 if player i defeats player j; -1 if player ...