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The branch of geometry dealing with the properties and invariants of geometric figures under projection. In older literature, projective geometry is sometimes called "higher ...

secz is the trigonometric function defined by secz = 1/(cosz) (1) = 2/(e^(iz)+e^(-iz)), (2) where cosz is the cosine. The secant is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

The Möbius strip, also called the twisted cylinder (Henle 1994, p. 110), is a one-sided nonorientable surface obtained by cutting a closed band into a single strip, giving ...

An algorithm is a specific set of instructions for carrying out a procedure or solving a problem, usually with the requirement that the procedure terminate at some point. ...

The convex hull of a set of points S in n dimensions is the intersection of all convex sets containing S. For N points p_1, ..., p_N, the convex hull C is then given by the ...

Cylindrical coordinates are a generalization of two-dimensional polar coordinates to three dimensions by superposing a height (z) axis. Unfortunately, there are a number of ...

The general ellipsoid, also called a triaxial ellipsoid, is a quadratic surface which is given in Cartesian coordinates by (x^2)/(a^2)+(y^2)/(b^2)+(z^2)/(c^2)=1, (1) where ...

A fixed point is a point that does not change upon application of a map, system of differential equations, etc. In particular, a fixed point of a function f(x) is a point x_0 ...

The Cartesian graph product G=G_1 square G_2, also called the graph box product and sometimes simply known as "the" graph product (Beineke and Wilson 2004, p. 104) and ...

Linear programming, sometimes known as linear optimization, is the problem of maximizing or minimizing a linear function over a convex polyhedron specified by linear and ...