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The single bar | is a notation variously used to denote the absolute value |x|, complex modulus |z|, vector norm |x|, determinant |A|, or "divides" (a|b).

The function from a given nonempty set X to the power set P(X) that maps every element x of X to the set {x}.

A set having exactly one element a. A singleton set is denoted by {a} and is the simplest example of a nonempty set.

An even number of the form 4n+2 (i.e., an integer which is divisible by 2 but not by 4). The first few for n=0, 1, 2, ... are 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, ... (OEIS A016825)

A function possessing a single period in the complex plane is said to be singly periodic, of often simply periodic. Singly periodic functions include the trigonometric ...

A smooth map f:S^1->R^3 whose image has singularities. In particular, in the theory of Vassiliev's knot invariants, singular knots with a finite number of ordinary double ...

The singular support of a generalized function u is the complement of the largest open set on which u is smooth. Roughly speaking, it is the closed set where the distribution ...

A system is singular if its condition number is infinite and ill-conditioned if it is too large.

The partial differential equation u_(xt)=sinhu, which contains u_(xt) instead of u_(xx)-u_(tt) and sinhu instead to sinu, as in the sine-Gordon equation (Grauel 1985; ...

The partial differential equation del ^2u+lambda^2sinhu=0, where del ^2 is the Laplacian (Ting et al. 1987; Zwillinger 1997, p. 135).