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A basin of attraction in which every point on the common boundary of that basin and another basin is also a boundary of a third basin. In other words, no matter how closely a ...

A single axiom that is satisfied only by NAND or NOR must be of the form "something equals a," since otherwise constant functions would satisfy the equation. With up to six ...

The conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for finding the nearest local minimum of a function of n variables which presupposes that the gradient of the function can be ...

A dragon curve is a recursive nonintersecting curve whose name derives from its resemblance to a certain mythical creature. The curve can be constructed by representing a ...

Numerical integration is the approximate computation of an integral using numerical techniques. The numerical computation of an integral is sometimes called quadrature. ...

The general bivariate quadratic curve can be written ax^2+2bxy+cy^2+2dx+2fy+g=0. (1) Define the following quantities: Delta = |a b d; b c f; d f g| (2) J = |a b; b c| (3) I = ...

Given a reference triangle DeltaABC, the trilinear coordinates of a point P with respect to DeltaABC are an ordered triple of numbers, each of which is proportional to the ...

Let R(z) be a rational function R(z)=(P(z))/(Q(z)), (1) where z in C^*, C^* is the Riemann sphere C union {infty}, and P and Q are polynomials without common divisors. The ...

A theorem outlined by Kolmogorov (1954) which was subsequently proved in the 1960s by Arnol'd (1963) and Moser (1962; Tabor 1989, p. 105). It gives conditions under which ...

Wang's conjecture states that if a set of tiles can tile the plane, then they can always be arranged to do so periodically (Wang 1961). The conjecture was refuted when Berger ...