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A board covered by a lattice of pegs around which one can span rubber bands to form segments and polygons. It was invented by the Egyptian mathematician and pedagogist Caleb ...

The Gershgorin circle theorem (where "Gershgorin" is sometimes also spelled "Gersgorin" or "Gerschgorin") identifies a region in the complex plane that contains all the ...

Let lambda be (possibly complex) eigenvalues of a set of random n×n real matrices with entries independent and taken from a standard normal distribution. Then as n->infty, ...

The Gosper island (Mandelbrot 1977), also known as a flowsnake (Gardner 1989, p. 41), is a fractal that is a modification of the Koch snowflake. The term "Gosper island" was ...

A half-space is that portion of an n-dimensional space obtained by removing that part lying on one side of an (n-1)-dimensional hyperplane. For example, half a Euclidean ...

The happy end problem, also called the "happy ending problem," is the problem of determining for n>=3 the smallest number of points g(n) in general position in the plane ...

A shell bounded by two similar ellipsoids having a constant ratio of axes. Given a chord passing through a homeoid, the distance between inner and outer intersections is ...

Two figures are homothetic if they are related by an expansion or geometric contraction. This means that they lie in the same plane and corresponding sides are parallel; such ...

Two similar figures with parallel homologous lines and connectors of homologous points concurrent at the homothetic center are said to be in homothetic position. If two ...

The symmetry operation corresponding to a rotation followed by an inversion operation, also called a rotoinversion. This operation is denoted n^_ for an improper rotation by ...