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A distance g on a set that fulfils the same properties as a metric except relaxes the definition to allow the distance between two different points to be zero. An example of ...

A topology on a set X whose open sets are the unions of open balls B(X_0,r)={x in x|g(x_0,x)<r}, where g is a pseudometric on X, x_0 is any point of X, and r>0. There is a ...

For a quadrilateral which is not cyclic, Ptolemy's theorem becomes an inequality: AB×CD+BC×DA>AC×BD. The Ptolemy inequality is still valid when ABCD is a triangular pyramid ...

An algebraic extension K over a field F is a purely inseparable extension if the algebraic number minimal polynomial of any element has only one root, possibly with ...

A quadratic polynomial is a polynomial of degree 2. A univariate quadratic polynomial has the form f(x)=a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0. An equation involving a quadratic polynomial is ...

A quadratic recurrence is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a second-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example, x_n=x_(n-1)x_(n-2) ...

A commutative unit ring having only finitely many maximal ideals.

Quasirandom numbers are numbers selected from a quasirandom sequence. Such numbers are useful in computational problems such as quasi-Monte Carlo integration.

If N is a submodule of the module M over the ring R, the quotient group M/N has a natural structure of R-module with the product defined by a(x+N)=ax+N for all a in R and all ...

Let R be a commutative ring. A category C is called an R-category if the Hom-sets of C are R-modules.