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An expression is called "well-defined" (or "unambiguous") if its definition assigns it a unique interpretation or value. Otherwise, the expression is said to not be ...

A continuous-time stochastic process W(t) for t>=0 with W(0)=0 and such that the increment W(t)-W(s) is Gaussian with mean 0 and variance t-s for any 0<=s<t, and increments ...

A sequence of circles which closes (such as a Steiner chain or the circles inscribed in the arbelos) is called a chain.

Not decidable as a result of being neither formally provable nor unprovable.

If alpha is any number and m and n are integers, then there is a rational number m/n for which |alpha-m/n|<=1/n. (1) If alpha is irrational and k is any whole number, there ...

A hypergeometric identity discovered by Ramanujan around 1910. From Hardy (1999, pp. 13 and 102-103), (1) where a^((n))=a(a+1)...(a+n-1) (2) is the rising factorial (a.k.a. ...

The finite difference is the discrete analog of the derivative. The finite forward difference of a function f_p is defined as Deltaf_p=f_(p+1)-f_p, (1) and the finite ...

A statistical distribution published by William Gosset in 1908. His employer, Guinness Breweries, required him to publish under a pseudonym, so he chose "Student." Given N ...

Pre-Calculus

Eigenvalues are a special set of scalars associated with a linear system of equations (i.e., a matrix equation) that are sometimes also known as characteristic roots, ...