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Let A be a commutative complex Banach algebra. A nonzero homomorphism from A onto the field of complex numbers is called a character. Every character is automatically ...

A topological space X such that for every closed subset C of X and every point x in X\C, there is a continuous function f:X->[0,1] such that f(x)=0 and f(C)={1}. This is the ...

A topological space decomposes into its connected components. The connectedness relation between two pairs of points satisfies transitivity, i.e., if a∼b and b∼c then a∼c. ...

A convex function is a continuous function whose value at the midpoint of every interval in its domain does not exceed the arithmetic mean of its values at the ends of the ...

Consider a convex plane curve K with perimeter L, and the set of points P exterior to K. Further, let t_1 and t_2 be the perpendicular distances from P to K (with ...

A plot of the cumulative frequency against the upper class boundary with the points joined by line segments. Any continuous cumulative frequency curve, including a cumulative ...

A function f(x) decreases on an interval I if f(b)<=f(a) for all b>a, where a,b in I. If f(b)<f(a) for all b>a, the function is said to be strictly decreasing. Conversely, a ...

A statistical distribution whose variables can take on only discrete values. Abramowitz and Stegun (1972, p. 929) give a table of the parameters of most common discrete ...

A discrete group is a topological group with the discrete topology. Often in practice, discrete groups arise as discrete subgroups of continuous Lie groups acting on a ...

A disk algebra is an algebra of functions which are analytic on the open unit disk in C and continuous up to the boundary. A representative measure for a point x in the ...