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Matrix diagonalization is the process of taking a square matrix and converting it into a special type of matrix--a so-called diagonal matrix--that shares the same fundamental ...

Newton's forward difference formula is a finite difference identity giving an interpolated value between tabulated points {f_p} in terms of the first value f_0 and the powers ...

Hadamard matrices H_n can be constructed using finite field GF(p^m) when p=4l-1 and m is odd. Pick a representation r relatively prime to p. Then by coloring white ...

Scherk's two minimal surfaces were discovered by Scherk in 1834. They were the first new surfaces discovered since Meusnier in 1776. Beautiful images of wood sculptures of ...

Calabi-Yau spaces are important in string theory, where one model posits the geometry of the universe to consist of a ten-dimensional space of the form M×V, where M is a four ...

The quantities obtained from cubic, hexagonal, etc., lattice sums, evaluated at s=1, are called Madelung constants. For cubic lattice sums ...

The Rhind papyrus is a famous document from the Egyptian Middle Kingdom that dates to 1650 BC. It was purchased by Henry Rhind in Egypt in 1858, and placed in the British ...

An asymptotic series is a series expansion of a function in a variable x which may converge or diverge (Erdélyi 1987, p. 1), but whose partial sums can be made an arbitrarily ...

A branch of mathematics that is a sort of generalization of calculus. Calculus of variations seeks to find the path, curve, surface, etc., for which a given function has a ...

For vectors u=(u_x,u_y,u_z) and v=(v_x,v_y,v_z) in R^3, the cross product in is defined by uxv = x^^(u_yv_z-u_zv_y)-y^^(u_xv_z-u_zv_x)+z^^(u_xv_y-u_yv_x) (1) = ...