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A permutation cycle is a subset of a permutation whose elements trade places with one another. Permutations cycles are called "orbits" by Comtet (1974, p. 256). For example, ...

A polygonal number is a type of figurate number that is a generalization of triangular, square, etc., to an n-gon for n an arbitrary positive integer. The above diagrams ...

A prime number (or prime integer, often simply called a "prime" for short) is a positive integer p>1 that has no positive integer divisors other than 1 and p itself. More ...

A prism graph, denoted Y_n, D_n (Gallian 1987), or Pi_n (Hladnik et al. 2002), and sometimes also called a circular ladder graph and denoted CL_n (Gross and Yellen 1999, p. ...

A projective plane, sometimes called a twisted sphere (Henle 1994, p. 110), is a surface without boundary derived from a usual plane by addition of a line at infinity. Just ...

If A moves along a known curve, then P describes a pursuit curve if P is always directed toward A and A and P move with uniform velocities. Pursuit curves were considered in ...

Closed forms are known for the sums of reciprocals of even-indexed Fibonacci numbers P_F^((e)) = sum_(n=1)^(infty)1/(F_(2n)) (1) = ...

The regular heptagon is the seven-sided regular polygon illustrated above, which has Schläfli symbol {7}. According to Bankoff and Garfunkel (1973), "since the earliest days ...

The regular pentagon is the regular polygon with five sides, as illustrated above. A number of distance relationships between vertices of the regular pentagon can be derived ...

Given a polynomial p(x)=a_nx^n+a_(n-1)x^(n-1)+...+a_1x+a_0 (1) of degree n with roots alpha_i, i=1, ..., n and a polynomial q(x)=b_mx^m+b_(m-1)x^(m-1)+...+b_1x+b_0 (2) of ...