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A Bäcklund transformation allows additional solutions to a nonlinear partial differential equations to be found if one particular solution is already known.

For the hyperbolic partial differential equation u_(xy) = F(x,y,u,p,q) (1) p = u_x (2) q = u_y (3) on a domain Omega, Goursat's problem asks to find a solution u(x,y) of (3) ...

A type of cryptography in which the encoding key is revealed without compromising the encoded message. The two best-known methods are the knapsack problem and RSA encryption.

The consideration of the result of a numerical calculation as a function of an adjustable parameter (usually the step size). The function can then be fitted and evaluated at ...

A sequence of approximations a/b to sqrt(n) can be derived by factoring a^2-nb^2=+/-1 (1) (where -1 is possible only if -1 is a quadratic residue of n). Then ...

The theory of point sets and sequences having a uniform distribution. Uniform distribution theory is important in modeling and simulation, and especially in so-called Monte ...

A 4-cusped hypocycloid which is sometimes also called a tetracuspid, cubocycloid, or paracycle. The parametric equations of the astroid can be obtained by plugging in n=a/b=4 ...

Christoffel symbols of the second kind are the second type of tensor-like object derived from a Riemannian metric g which is used to study the geometry of the metric. ...

To predict the result of a measurement requires (1) a model of the system under investigation, and (2) a physical theory linking the parameters of the model to the parameters ...

A magic square is a square array of numbers consisting of the distinct positive integers 1, 2, ..., n^2 arranged such that the sum of the n numbers in any horizontal, ...