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A projection which maps a sphere (or spheroid) onto a plane. Map projections are generally classified into groups according to common properties (cylindrical vs. conical, ...

A pyramidal frustum is a frustum made by chopping the top off a pyramid. It is a special case of a prismatoid. For a right pyramidal frustum, let s be the slant height, h the ...

The volume of a solid body is the amount of "space" it occupies. Volume has units of length cubed (i.e., cm^3, m^3, in^3, etc.) For example, the volume of a box (cuboid) of ...

The term "wedge" has a number of different meanings in mathematics. It is sometimes used as another name for the caret symbol. The term also refers to the notation ( ^ ) used ...

The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) matrix A_(ABC) of a simple graph is a weighted adjacency matrix with weight f(d_i,d_j)=sqrt((d_i+d_j-2)/(d_id_j)), (1) where d_i are the ...

B^^ = T^^xN^^ (1) = (r^'xr^(''))/(|r^'xr^('')|), (2) where the unit tangent vector T and unit "principal" normal vector N are defined by T^^ = (r^'(s))/(|r^'(s)|) (3) N^^ = ...

The approximation of a piecewise monotonic function f by a polynomial with the same monotonicity. Such comonotonic approximations can always be accomplished with nth degree ...

The cubeplex graph is the cubic Hamiltonian graph on 12 nodes illustrated above in several embeddings and corresponding to the graph Gamma_1 in Fischer and Little (2001). It ...

A cyclotomic field Q(zeta) is obtained by adjoining a primitive root of unity zeta, say zeta^n=1, to the rational numbers Q. Since zeta is primitive, zeta^k is also an nth ...

The third singular value k_3, corresponding to K^'(k_3)=sqrt(3)K(k_3), (1) is given by k_3=sin(pi/(12))=1/4(sqrt(6)-sqrt(2)). (2) As shown by Legendre, ...