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As Gauss showed in 1812, the hyperbolic tangent can be written using a continued fraction as tanhx=x/(1+(x^2)/(3+(x^2)/(5+...))) (Wall 1948, p. 349; Olds 1963, p. 138).

A line along a normal vector (i.e., perpendicular to some tangent line). If K subset R^d is a centrosymmetric set which has a twice differentiable boundary, then there are ...

On a Riemannian manifold M, there is a canonical connection called the Levi-Civita connection (pronounced lē-vē shi-vit-e), sometimes also known as the Riemannian connection ...

The pedal of a curve C with respect to a point O is the locus of the foot of the perpendicular from O to the tangent to the curve. More precisely, given a curve C, the pedal ...

A pivotal isotomic cubic is a self-isotomic cubic that possesses a pivot point, i.e., in which points P lying on the conic and their isotomic conjugates are collinear with a ...

The coordinate system obtained by inversion of Cartesian coordinates, with u,v,w in (-infty,infty). The transformation equations are x = u/(u^2+v^2+w^2) (1) y = ...

A set of quadratic surfaces which share foci. Ellipsoids and one- and two-sheeted hyperboloids can be confocal. These three types of surfaces can be combined to form an ...

On a Lie group, exp is a map from the Lie algebra to its Lie group. If you think of the Lie algebra as the tangent space to the identity of the Lie group, exp(v) is defined ...

The inner Soddy circle is the circle tangent to each of the three mutually tangent circles centered at the vertices of a reference triangle. It has circle function ...

Let A, B, and C be three circles in the plane, and let X be any circle touching B and C. Then build up a chain of circles such that Y:CAX, Z:ABY, X^':BCZ, Y^':CAX^', ...