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Concentric circles are circles with a common center. The region between two concentric circles of different radii is called an annulus. Any two circles can be made concentric ...

A cubic spline is a spline constructed of piecewise third-order polynomials which pass through a set of m control points. The second derivative of each polynomial is commonly ...

The deltoidal hexecontahedron is the 60-faced dual polyhedron of the small rhombicosidodecahedron A_5. It is sometimes also called the trapezoidal hexecontahedron (Holden ...

In order to find integers x and y such that x^2=y^2 (mod n) (1) (a modified form of Fermat's factorization method), in which case there is a 50% chance that GCD(n,x-y) is a ...

Bezdek and Kuperberg (1991) have constructed packings of identical ellipsoids of densities arbitrarily close to ((24sqrt(2)-6sqrt(3)-2pi)pi)/(72)=0.753355... (OEIS A093824), ...

Consider an arbitrary one-dimensional map x_(n+1)=F(x_n) (1) (with implicit parameter r) at the onset of chaos. After a suitable rescaling, the Feigenbaum function ...

Fermat's spiral, also known as the parabolic spiral, is an Archimedean spiral with m=2 having polar equation r^2=a^2theta. (1) This curve was discussed by Fermat in 1636 ...

The Floyd-Warshall algorithm, also variously known as Floyd's algorithm, the Roy-Floyd algorithm, the Roy-Warshall algorithm, or the WFI algorithm, is an algorithm for ...

An extension of two-valued logic such that statements need not be true or false, but may have a degree of truth between 0 and 1. Such a system can be extremely useful in ...

A Gaussian sum is a sum of the form S(p,q)=sum_(r=0)^(q-1)e^(-piir^2p/q), (1) where p and q are relatively prime integers. The symbol phi is sometimes used instead of S. ...