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A bridged graph is a graph that contains one or more graph bridges. Examples of bridged graphs include path graphs, ladder rung graphs, the bull graph, star graphs, and ...

A bridgeless graph, also called an isthmus-free graph, is a graph that contains no graph bridges. Examples of bridgeless graphs include complete graphs on n>2 nodes, cycle ...

A real-valued stochastic process {B(t):t>=0} is a Brownian motion which starts at x in R if the following properties are satisfied: 1. B(0)=x. 2. For all times ...

Let A and B be any sets. Then the product of |A| and |B| is defined as the Cartesian product |A|*|B|=|A×B| (Ciesielski 1997, p. 68; Dauben 1990, p. 173; Moore 1982, p. 37; ...

A chordless graph is a simple graph possessing no chords. A chordal graph (which possesses no chordless cycles) is not the same as (or converse of) a chordless graph (which ...

A cyclotomic field Q(zeta) is obtained by adjoining a primitive root of unity zeta, say zeta^n=1, to the rational numbers Q. Since zeta is primitive, zeta^k is also an nth ...

The Euclidean algorithm, also called Euclid's algorithm, is an algorithm for finding the greatest common divisor of two numbers a and b. The algorithm can also be defined for ...

Euclidean n-space, sometimes called Cartesian space or simply n-space, is the space of all n-tuples of real numbers, (x_1, x_2, ..., x_n). Such n-tuples are sometimes called ...

A shuffle of a deck of cards obtained by successively exchanging the cards in position 1, 2, ..., n with cards in randomly chosen positions. For 4<=n<=17, the most frequent ...

The Franel numbers are the numbers Fr_n=sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)^3, (1) where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient. The first few values for n=0, 1, ... are 1, 2, 10, 56, 346, ... (OEIS ...