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A projection is the transformation of points and lines in one plane onto another plane by connecting corresponding points on the two planes with parallel lines. This can be ...

The Reynolds transport theorem, also called simply the Reynolds theorem, is an important result in fluid mechanics that's often considered a three-dimensional analog of the ...

An ordinary double point of a plane curve is point where a curve intersects itself such that two branches of the curve have distinct tangent lines. Ordinary double points of ...

Consider any star of n line segments through one point in space such that no three lines are coplanar. Then there exists a polyhedron, known as a zonohedron, whose faces ...

A sum of the elements from some set with constant coefficients placed in front of each. For example, a linear combination of the vectors x, y, and z is given by ax+by+cz, ...

Let (x_0,y_0) be any point of a surface function z=f(x,y). Then the surface has a nonvertical tangent plane at (x_0,y_0) with equation ...

Betti numbers are topological objects which were proved to be invariants by Poincaré, and used by him to extend the polyhedral formula to higher dimensional spaces. ...

An Euler brick is a cuboid that possesses integer edges a>b>c and face diagonals d_(ab) = sqrt(a^2+b^2) (1) d_(ac) = sqrt(a^2+c^2) (2) d_(bc) = sqrt(b^2+c^2). (3) If the ...

The homotopy groups generalize the fundamental group to maps from higher dimensional spheres, instead of from the circle. The nth homotopy group of a topological space X is ...

A random walk is a sequence of discrete steps in which each step is randomly taken subject to some set of restrictions in allowed directions and step lengths. Random walks ...