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The permanent is an analog of a determinant where all the signs in the expansion by minors are taken as positive. The permanent of a matrix A is the coefficient of x_1...x_n ...

A graph with projective plane crossing number equal to 0 may be said to be projective planar. Examples of projective planar graphs with graph crossing number >=2 include the ...

The treewidth is a measure of the count of original graph vertices mapped onto any tree vertex in an optimal tree decomposition. Determining the treewidth of an arbitrary ...

A generalization of the p-adic norm first proposed by Kürschák in 1913. A valuation |·| on a field K is a function from K to the real numbers R such that the following ...

The vertex connectivity kappa(G) of a graph G, also called "point connectivity" or simply "connectivity," is the minimum size of a vertex cut, i.e., a vertex subset S subset= ...

The Weisfeiler-Leman dimension dim_(WL)(G) of a graph G, sometimes known as the WL dimension, is the smallest integer d such that the d-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm ...

Discrete Mathematics

Specifying two adjacent side lengths a and c of a triangle (with a<c) and one acute angle A opposite a does not, in general, uniquely determine a triangle. If sinA<a/c, there ...

An Abelian variety is an algebraic group which is a complete algebraic variety. An Abelian variety of dimension 1 is an elliptic curve.

The (n,k)-arrangement graph A_(n,k) is defined as the graph on the vertex set consisting of the permutations of {1,2,...,n} containing at most k elements where vertices are ...