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The number of empty neighbors of a cluster.

A sum over all cluster perimeters.

Define a valid "coloring" to occur when no two faces with a common edge share the same color. Given two colors, there is a single way to color an octahedron (Ball and Coxeter ...

Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are mathematical symbol used to integrate products of three spherical harmonics. Clebsch-Gordan coefficients commonly arise in applications ...

Erfc is the complementary error function, commonly denoted erfc(z), is an entire function defined by erfc(z) = 1-erf(z) (1) = 2/(sqrt(pi))int_z^inftye^(-t^2)dt. (2) It is ...

A field K is said to be an extension field (or field extension, or extension), denoted K/F, of a field F if F is a subfield of K. For example, the complex numbers are an ...

A theorem outlined by Kolmogorov (1954) which was subsequently proved in the 1960s by Arnol'd (1963) and Moser (1962; Tabor 1989, p. 105). It gives conditions under which ...

Let T_1 be the point at which the J_1-excircle meets the side A_2A_3 of a triangle DeltaA_1A_2A_3, and define T_2 and T_3 similarly. Then the lines A_1T_1, A_2T_2, and A_3T_3 ...

Roundoff error is the difference between an approximation of a number used in computation and its exact (correct) value. In certain types of computation, roundoff error can ...

Rule 90 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...