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In algebraic topology, the Reidemeister torsion is a notion originally introduced as a topological invariant of 3-manifolds which has now been widely adapted to a variety of ...

An Abelian variety is an algebraic group which is a complete algebraic variety. An Abelian variety of dimension 1 is an elliptic curve.

In simple terms, let x, y, and z be members of an algebra. Then the algebra is said to be associative if x·(y·z)=(x·y)·z, (1) where · denotes multiplication. More formally, ...

An operator defined on a set S which takes two elements from S as inputs and returns a single element of S. Binary operators are called compositions by Rosenfeld (1968). Sets ...

A characteristic factor is a factor in a particular factorization of the totient function phi(n) such that the product of characteristic factors gives the representation of a ...

Given a set of linear equations {a_1x+b_1y+c_1z=d_1; a_2x+b_2y+c_2z=d_2; a_3x+b_3y+c_3z=d_3, (1) consider the determinant D=|a_1 b_1 c_1; a_2 b_2 c_2; a_3 b_3 c_3|. (2) Now ...

The cyclic group C_(10) is the unique Abelian group of group order 10 (the other order-10 group being the non-Abelian D_5). Examples include the integers modulo 10 under ...

The cyclic group C_(11) is unique group of group order 11. An example is the integers modulo 11 under addition (Z_(11)). No modulo multiplication group is isomorphic to ...

C_3 is the unique group of group order 3. It is both Abelian and cyclic. Examples include the point groups C_3, C_(3v), and C_(3h) and the integers under addition modulo 3 ...

C_5 is the unique group of group order 5, which is Abelian. Examples include the point group C_5 and the integers mod 5 under addition (Z_5). No modulo multiplication group ...