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kappa(d)={(2lneta(d))/(sqrt(d)) for d>0; (2pi)/(w(d)sqrt(|d|)) for d<0, (1) where eta(d) is the fundamental unit and w(d) is the number of substitutions which leave the ...

Dirichlet's principle, also known as Thomson's principle, states that there exists a function u that minimizes the functional D[u]=int_Omega|del u|^2dV (called the Dirichlet ...

A topological space that is not connected, i.e., which can be decomposed as the disjoint union of two nonempty open subsets. Equivalently, it can be characterized as a space ...

A statistical distribution whose variables can take on only discrete values. Abramowitz and Stegun (1972, p. 929) give a table of the parameters of most common discrete ...

A discrete group is a topological group with the discrete topology. Often in practice, discrete groups arise as discrete subgroups of continuous Lie groups acting on a ...

Let G be an algebraic group. G together with the discrete topology is a locally compact group and one may consider the counting measure as a left invariant Haar measure on G. ...

Let S be a semigroup and alpha a positive real-valued function on S such that alpha(st)<=alpha(s)alpha(t) (s,t in S). If l^1(S,alpha) is the set of all complex-valued ...

A set S is discrete in a larger topological space X if every point x in S has a neighborhood U such that S intersection U={x}. The points of S are then said to be isolated ...

The discrete uniform distribution is also known as the "equally likely outcomes" distribution. Letting a set S have N elements, each of them having the same probability, then ...

A discriminant is a quantity (usually invariant under certain classes of transformations) which characterizes certain properties of a quantity's roots. The concept of the ...