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Given a symmetric positive definite matrix A, the Cholesky decomposition is an upper triangular matrix U with strictly positive diagonal entries such that A=U^(T)U. Cholesky ...

A generalization of Grassmann coordinates to m-D algebraic varieties of degree d in P^n, where P^n is an n-dimensional projective space. To define the Chow coordinates, take ...

For three consecutive orders of an orthonormal polynomial, the following relationship holds for n=2, 3, ...: p_n(x)=(A_nx+B_n)p_(n-1)(x)-C_np_(n-2)(x), (1) where A_n>0, B_n, ...

The Christoffel symbols are tensor-like objects derived from a Riemannian metric g. They are used to study the geometry of the metric and appear, for example, in the geodesic ...

The first type of tensor-like object derived from a Riemannian metric g which is used to study the geometry of the metric. Christoffel symbols of the first kind are variously ...

An (infinite) line determined by two points (x_1,y_1) and (x_2,y_2) may intersect a circle of radius r and center (0, 0) in two imaginary points (left figure), a degenerate ...

Consider a unit circle and a radiant point located at (mu,0). There are four different regimes of caustics, illustrated above. For radiant point at mu=infty, the catacaustic ...

The evolute of a circle is a degenerate point at the origin.

A central circle is a circle with trilinear equation (lalpha+mbeta+ngamma)(aalpha+bbeta+cgamma)+k(abetagamma+bgammaalpha+calphabeta)=0 such that l:m:n is a triangle center ...

If r is the inradius of a circle inscribed in a right triangle with sides a and b and hypotenuse c, then r=1/2(a+b-c). (1) A Sangaku problem dated 1803 from the Gumma ...