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A braid index is the least number of strings needed to make a closed braid representation of a link. The braid index is equal to the least number of Seifert circles in any ...

The converse of Pascal's theorem, which states that if the three pairs of opposite sides of (an irregular) hexagon meet at three collinear points, then the six vertices lie ...

The Brent-Salamin formula, also called the Gauss-Salamin formula or Salamin formula, is a formula that uses the arithmetic-geometric mean to compute pi. It has quadratic ...

The second part of Pollard rho factorization method concerns detection of the fact that a sequence has become periodic. Pollard's original suggestion was to use the idea ...

An n-bridge knot is a knot with bridge number n. The set of 2-bridge knots is identical to the set of rational knots. If L is a 2-bridge knot, then the BLM/Ho polynomial Q ...

The least number of unknotted arcs lying above the plane in any projection. The knot 05-002 has bridge number 2. Such knots are called 2-bridge knots. There is a one-to-one ...

A Brier number is a number that is both a Riesel number and a Sierpiński number of the second kind, i.e., a number n such that for all k>=1, the numbers n·2^k+1 and n·2^k-1 ...

The area of the shadow of a body on a plane, also called the "outer quermass."

A Tschirnhausen transformation can be used to algebraically transform a general quintic equation to the form z^5+c_1z+c_0=0. (1) In practice, the general quintic is first ...

A Tschirnhausen transformation can be used to take a general quintic equation to the form x^5-x-a=0, where a may be complex.