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For a general quadrilateral with sides of length a, b, c, and d, the area K is given by (1) where s=1/2(a+b+c+d) (2) is the semiperimeter, A is the angle between a and d, and ...

The characteristic polynomial is the polynomial left-hand side of the characteristic equation det(A-lambdaI)=0, (1) where A is a square matrix and I is the identity matrix of ...

Using a Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind T(x), define c_j = 2/Nsum_(k=1)^(N)f(x_k)T_j(x_k) (1) = 2/Nsum_(k=1)^(N)f[cos{(pi(k-1/2))/N}]cos{(pij(k-1/2))/N}. (2) Then f(x) ...

A complex map is a map f:C->C. The following table lists several common types of complex maps. map formula domain complex magnification f(z)=az a in R, a>0 complex rotation ...

Let n points xi_1, ..., xi_n be randomly distributed on a domain S, and let H be some event that depends on the positions of the n points. Let S^' be a domain slightly ...

A cubic polynomial is a polynomial of degree 3. A univariate cubic polynomial has the form f(x)=a_3x^3+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0. An equation involving a cubic polynomial is called a ...

A plane partition whose solid Ferrers diagram is invariant under the rotation which cyclically permutes the x-, y-, and z-axes. Macdonald's plane partition conjecture gives a ...

A means of describing how one state develops into another state over the course of time. Technically, a dynamical system is a smooth action of the reals or the integers on ...

A proof of a formula on limits based on the epsilon-delta definition. An example is the following proof that every linear function f(x)=ax+b (a,b in R,a!=0) is continuous at ...

Erdős offered a $3000 prize for a proof of the proposition that "If the sum of reciprocals of a set of integers diverges, then that set contains arbitrarily long arithmetic ...