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A topological space, also called an abstract topological space, is a set X together with a collection of open subsets T that satisfies the four conditions: 1. The empty set ...

Let the greatest term H of a sequence be a term which is greater than all but a finite number of the terms which are equal to H. Then H is called the upper limit of the ...

Given a succession of nonsingular points which are on a nonhyperelliptic curve of curve genus p, but are not a group of the canonical series, the number of groups of the ...

A tree to whose nodes and/or edges labels (usually number) are assigned. The word "weight" also has a more specific meaning when applied to trees, namely the weight of a tree ...

When p is a prime number, then a p-group is a group, all of whose elements have order some power of p. For a finite group, the equivalent definition is that the number of ...

The conjugate transpose of an m×n matrix A is the n×m matrix defined by A^(H)=A^_^(T), (1) where A^(T) denotes the transpose of the matrix A and A^_ denotes the conjugate ...

A transpose of a doubly indexed object is the object obtained by replacing all elements a_(ij) with a_(ji). For a second-tensor rank tensor a_(ij), the tensor transpose is ...

A Hamiltonian cycle, also called a Hamiltonian circuit, Hamilton cycle, or Hamilton circuit, is a graph cycle (i.e., closed loop) through a graph that visits each node ...

Topology is the mathematical study of the properties that are preserved through deformations, twistings, and stretchings of objects. Tearing, however, is not allowed. A ...

A link which has a link diagram with alternating underpasses and overpasses. The proportion of links which are alternating tends exponentially to zero with increasing ...