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Let delta=z>=z_(observed). A value 0<=alpha<=1 such that P(delta)<=alpha is considered "significant" (i.e., is not simply due to chance) is known as an alpha value. The ...

In floating-point arithmetic, the significand is a component of a finite floating-point number containing its significant digits. Generally speaking, the significand can be ...

Another word for a C^infty (infinitely differentiable) manifold, also called a differentiable manifold. A smooth manifold is a topological manifold together with its ...

A "curve" (i.e., a continuous map of a one-dimensional interval) into a two-dimensional area (a plane-filling function) or a three-dimensional volume.

For a particular format in the IEEE 754-2008 framework, a subnormal number is a nonzero floating-point number with magnitude less than the magnitude of that formatÕs smallest ...

A piecewise linear, one-dimensional map on the interval [0,1] exhibiting chaotic dynamics and given by x_(n+1)=mu(1-2|x_n-1/2|). (1) The first few iterations of (1) give x_1 ...

Let G be a group having normal subgroups H and K with H subset= K. Then K/H⊴G/H and (G/H)/(K/H)=G/K, where N⊴G indicates that N is a normal subgroup of G and G=H indicates ...

The illusion due to psychologist Edward Bradford Titchener that a circle surrounded by other circles will appear smaller if the surrounding circles are enlarged. This effect ...

A Z-number is a real number xi such that 0<=frac[(3/2)^kxi]<1/2 for all k=1, 2, ..., where frac(x) is the fractional part of x. Mahler (1968) showed that there is at most one ...

Calculus II