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Given a commutative unit ring R and a filtration F:... subset= I_2 subset= I_1 subset= I_0=R (1) of ideals of R, the associated graded ring of R with respect to F is the ...

The grouping of data into bins (spaced apart by the so-called class interval) plotting the number of members in each bin versus the bin number. The above histogram shows the ...

A K-rational point is a point (X,Y) on an algebraic curve f(X,Y)=0, where X and Y are in a field K. For example, rational point in the field Q of ordinary rational numbers is ...

Set covering deployment (sometimes written "set-covering deployment" and abbreviated SCDP for "set covering deployment problem") seeks an optimal stationing of troops in a ...

A vector basis of a vector space V is defined as a subset v_1,...,v_n of vectors in V that are linearly independent and span V. Consequently, if (v_1,v_2,...,v_n) is a list ...

A complex vector space is a vector space whose field of scalars is the complex numbers. A linear transformation between complex vector spaces is given by a matrix with ...

An event is a certain subset of a probability space. Events are therefore collections of outcomes on which probabilities have been assigned. Events are sometimes assumed to ...

The zeros of the derivative P^'(z) of a polynomial P(z) that are not multiple zeros of P(z) are the positions of equilibrium in the field of force due to unit particles ...

When applied to a system possessing a length R at which solutions in a variable r change character (such as the gravitational field of a sphere as r runs from the interior to ...

The term used in physics and engineering for a harmonic function. Potential functions are extremely useful, for example, in electromagnetism, where they reduce the study of a ...