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The essential supremum is the proper generalization to measurable functions of the maximum. The technical difference is that the values of a function on a set of measure zero ...

A Euclidean number is a number which can be obtained by repeatedly solving the quadratic equation. Euclidean numbers, together with the rational numbers, can be constructed ...

An Euler-Jacobi pseudoprime to a base a is an odd composite number n such that (a,n)=1 and the Jacobi symbol (a/n) satisfies (a/n)=a^((n-1)/2) (mod n) (Guy 1994; but note ...

Let O and I be the circumcenter and incenter of a triangle with circumradius R and inradius r. Let d be the distance between O and I. Then d^2=R(R-2r) (Mackay 1886-1887; ...

The exterior derivative of a function f is the one-form df=sum_(i)(partialf)/(partialx_i)dx_i (1) written in a coordinate chart (x_1,...,x_n). Thinking of a function as a ...

A variation of chess involving a change in the form of the board, the rules of play, or the pieces used. For example, the normal rules of chess can be used but with a ...

Consider a Lucas sequence with P>0 and Q=+/-1. A Fibonacci pseudoprime is a composite number n such that V_n=P (mod n). There exist no even Fibonacci pseudoprimes with ...

The eigenvector corresponding to the second smallest eigenvalue (i.e., the algebraic connectivity) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. The Fiedler vector is used in ...

A theorem due to Conway et al. (1997) which states that, if a positive definite quadratic form with integer matrix entries represents all natural numbers up to 15, then it ...

Given five equal disks placed symmetrically about a given center, what is the smallest radius r for which the radius of the circular area covered by the five disks is 1? The ...