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The difference of two complex numbers z=x+iy and z^'=x^'+iy^' is given by z-z^'=(x-x^')+i(y-y^'). In component form, (x,y)-(x^',y^')=(x-x^',y-y^').

Two square matrices A and B are called congruent if there exists a nonsingular matrix P such that B=P^(T)AP, where P^(T) is the transpose.

In two dimensions, the curve known as an "egg' is an oval with one end more pointed than the other.

Two unit-speed plane curves which have the same curvature differ only by a Euclidean motion.

One of the two 7-sided star polygons {7/2} and {7/3}, illustrated above.

A hypergraph is a graph in which generalized edges (called hyperedges) may connect more than two nodes.

Two events A and B are called independent if their probabilities satisfy P(AB)=P(A)P(B) (Papoulis 1984, p. 40).

There are two curves commonly known as the Lamé curve: the ellipse evolute and the superellipse.

A simple root of a Lie algebra is a positive root that is not the sum of two positive roots.

A regression giving conditional expectation values of a given variable in terms of two or more other variables.