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The fractional derivative of f(t) of order mu>0 (if it exists) can be defined in terms of the fractional integral D^(-nu)f(t) as D^muf(t)=D^m[D^(-(m-mu))f(t)], (1) where m is ...

For any nonzero lambda in C, either 1. The equation Tv-lambdav=0 has a nonzero solution v, or 2. The equation Tv-lambdav=f has a unique solution v for any function f. In the ...

A strophoid of a circle with the pole O at the center of the circle and the fixed point P on the circumference of the circle. Freeth (1878, pp. 130 and 228) described this ...

Fubini's theorem, sometimes called Tonelli's theorem, establishes a connection between a multiple integral and a repeated one. If f(x,y) is continuous on the rectangular ...

A differential ideal is an ideal I in the ring of smooth forms on a manifold M. That is, it is closed under addition, scalar multiplication, and wedge product with an ...

The Radon inverse transform is an integral transform that has found widespread application in the reconstruction of images from medical CT scans. The Radon and inverse Radon ...

Denoted zn(u,k) or Z(u). Z(phi|m)=E(phi|m)-(E(m)F(phi|m))/(K(m)), where phi is the Jacobi amplitude, m is the parameter, and F(phi|m) and K(m) are elliptic integrals of the ...

By analogy with the log sine function, define the log cosine function by C_n=int_0^(pi/2)[ln(cosx)]^ndx. (1) The first few cases are given by C_1 = -1/2piln2 (2) C_2 = ...

The Lorentzian function is the singly peaked function given by L(x)=1/pi(1/2Gamma)/((x-x_0)^2+(1/2Gamma)^2), (1) where x_0 is the center and Gamma is a parameter specifying ...

A univariate function f(x) is said to be odd provided that f(-x)=-f(x). Geometrically, such functions are symmetric about the origin. Examples of odd functions include x, ...