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A set of integers that give the orders of the blocks in a Jordan canonical form, with those integers corresponding to submatrices containing the same latent root bracketed ...

Let a closed surface have genus g. Then the polyhedral formula generalizes to the Poincaré formula chi(g)=V-E+F, (1) where chi(g)=2-2g (2) is the Euler characteristic, ...

A parameter n used to specify an elliptic integral of the third kind Pi(n;phi,k).

The characteristic exponent of a field is 1 if the field characteristic is 0 and p if the field characteristic is p.

The Lyapunov characteristic exponent [LCE] gives the rate of exponential divergence from perturbed initial conditions. To examine the behavior of an orbit around a point ...

A simple function is a finite sum sum_(i)a_ichi_(A_i), where the functions chi_(A_i) are characteristic functions on a set A. Another description of a simple function is a ...

Given a random variable x and a probability density function P(x), if there exists an h>0 such that M(t)=<e^(tx)> (1) for |t|<h, where <y> denotes the expectation value of y, ...

A C^infty function is a function that is differentiable for all degrees of differentiation. For instance, f(x)=e^(2x) (left figure above) is C^infty because its nth ...

A partial function is a function that is not total.

A zero function is a function that is almost everywhere zero. The function sometimes known as "the zero function" is the constant function with constant c=0, i.e., f(x)=0 ...