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The envelope of a one-parameter family of curves given implicitly by U(x,y,c)=0, (1) or in parametric form by (f(t,c),g(t,c)), is a curve that touches every member of the ...

1. A straight line segment can be drawn joining any two points. 2. Any straight line segment can be extended indefinitely in a straight line. 3. Given any straight line ...

The study of how the intrinsic structure of graphs ensures certain types of properties (e.g., clique-formation and graph colorings) under appropriate conditions.

A fallacy is an incorrect result arrived at by apparently correct, though actually specious reasoning. The great Greek geometer Euclid wrote an entire book on geometric ...

An origami configuration that can be pressed to a plane figure without crumpling it or adding new creases.

A differential k-form can be integrated on an n-dimensional manifold. The basic example is an n-form alpha in the open unit ball in R^n. Since alpha is a top-dimensional ...

Let (Omega)_(ij) be the resistance distance matrix of a connected graph G on n nodes. Then Foster's theorems state that sum_((i,j) in E(G)))Omega_(ij)=n-1, where E(g) is the ...

Given three coins of possibly different sizes which are arranged so that each is tangent to the other two, find the coin which is tangent to the other three coins. The ...

A functional is a real-valued function on a vector space V, usually of functions. For example, the energy functional on the unit disk D assigns a number to any differentiable ...

Let C=C^+ union C^- (where C^+ intersection C^-=emptyset) be the disjoint union of two finite components C^+ and C^-. Let alpha and beta be two involutions on C, each of ...