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The shear matrix e_(ij)^s is obtained from the identity matrix by inserting s at (i,j), e.g., e_(12)^s=[1 s 0; 0 1 0; 0 0 1]. (1) Bolt and Hobbs (1998) define a shear matrix ...

A pair of matrices ND^(-1) or D^(-1)N, where N is the matrix numerator and D is the denominator.

A unimodular matrix is a real square matrix A with determinant det(A)=+/-1 (Born and Wolf 1980, p. 55; Goldstein 1980, p. 149). More generally, a matrix A with elements in ...

An n×n complex matrix A is called indefinite if nonzero vectors x and y exist such that x^*Ax>0>y^*Ay, where x^* denotes the conjugate transpose. A matrix m may be tested to ...

A diagonal matrix is a square matrix A of the form a_(ij)=c_idelta_(ij), (1) where delta_(ij) is the Kronecker delta, c_i are constants, and i,j=1, 2, ..., n, with no implied ...

The companion matrix to a monic polynomial a(x)=a_0+a_1x+...+a_(n-1)x^(n-1)+x^n (1) is the n×n square matrix A=[0 0 ... 0 -a_0; 1 0 ... 0 -a_1; 0 1 ... 0 -a_2; | | ... ... |; ...

The detour matrix Delta, sometimes also called the maximum path matrix or maximal topological distances matrix, of a graph is a symmetric matrix whose (i,j)th entry is the ...

A sparse matrix is a matrix that allows special techniques to take advantage of the large number of "background" (commonly zero) elements. The number of zeros a matrix needs ...

A square matrix U is a unitary matrix if U^(H)=U^(-1), (1) where U^(H) denotes the conjugate transpose and U^(-1) is the matrix inverse. For example, A=[2^(-1/2) 2^(-1/2) 0; ...

The power series that defines the exponential map e^x also defines a map between matrices. In particular, exp(A) = e^(A) (1) = sum_(n=0)^(infty)(A^n)/(n!) (2) = ...