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An element of an extension field of a field F which is not algebraic over F. A transcendental number is a complex number which is transcendental over the field Q of rational ...

What is the maximum number of queens that can be placed on an n×n chessboard such that no two attack one another? The answer is n-1 queens for n=2 or n=3 and n queens ...

A binary plot of an integer sequence is a plot of the binary representations of successive terms where each term is represented as a column of bits with 1s colored black and ...

A finite group G has a finite number of conjugacy classes and a finite number of distinct irreducible representations. The group character of a group representation is ...

A flexagon made by folding a strip into adjacent equilateral triangles. The number of states possible in a hexaflexagon is the Catalan number C_5=42.

A self-avoiding walk is a path from one point to another which never intersects itself. Such paths are usually considered to occur on lattices, so that steps are only allowed ...

A branch cut is a curve (with ends possibly open, closed, or half-open) in the complex plane across which an analytic multivalued function is discontinuous. For convenience, ...

The flower snarks, denoted J_n for n=5, 7, 9, ..., are a family of graphs discovered by Isaacs (1975) which are snarks. The construction for flower snarks may be generalized ...

The Meringer graph is one of the four (5,5)-cage graphs, discovered by Meringer (1999) after it had long been thought that only three such cages existed. Like the other ...

Let s_1, s_2, ... be an infinite series of real numbers lying between 0 and 1. Then corresponding to any arbitrarily large K, there exists a positive integer n and two ...