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An extremely fast factorization method developed by Pollard which was used to factor the RSA-130 number. This method is the most powerful known for factoring general numbers, ...

A number theoretic character, also called a Dirichlet character (because Dirichlet first introduced them in his famous proof that every arithmetic progression with relatively ...

A figurate number corresponding to a pentagonal pyramid. The first few are 1, 6, 18, 40, 75, ... (OEIS A002411). The generating function for the pentagonal pyramidal numbers ...

A colossally abundant number is a positive integer n for which there is a positive exponent epsilon such that (sigma(n))/(n^(1+epsilon))>=(sigma(k))/(k^(1+epsilon)) for all ...

A generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by 1=G_1=G_2=...=G_(c-1) and the recurrence relation G_n=G_(n-1)+G_(n-c). (1) These are the sums of elements on successive ...

Let G_1, G_2, ..., G_t be a t-graph edge coloring of the complete graph K_n, where for each i=1, 2, ..., t, G_i is the spanning subgraph of K_n consisting of all graph edges ...

The total domination number gamma_t of a graph is the size of a smallest total dominating set, where a total dominating set is a set of vertices of the graph such that all ...

The complementary Bell numbers, also called the Uppuluri-Carpenter numbers, B^~_n=sum_(k=0)^n(-1)^kS(n,k) (1) where S(n,k) is a Stirling number of the second kind, are ...

The problem of finding in how many ways E_n a plane convex polygon of n sides can be divided into triangles by diagonals. Euler first proposed it to Christian Goldbach in ...

The fractional edge chromatic number of a graph G is the fractional analog of the edge chromatic number, denoted chi_f^'(G) by Scheinerman and Ullman (2011). It can be ...