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The distance between two points is the length of the path connecting them. In the plane, the distance between points (x_1,y_1) and (x_2,y_2) is given by the Pythagorean ...

Let the elliptic modulus k satisfy 0<k^2<1, and the Jacobi amplitude be given by phi=amu with -pi/2<phi<pi/2. The incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind is then ...

The path traced out by a point P on the edge of a circle of radius b rolling on the outside of a circle of radius a. An epicycloid is therefore an epitrochoid with h=b. ...

If P is a pedal point inside a triangle DeltaABC, and P_A, P_B, and P_C are the feet of the perpendiculars from P upon the respective sides BC, CA, and AB, then ...

A field K is said to be an extension field (or field extension, or extension), denoted K/F, of a field F if F is a subfield of K. For example, the complex numbers are an ...

Faà di Bruno's formula gives an explicit equation for the nth derivative of the composition f(g(t)). If f(t) and g(t) are functions for which all necessary derivatives are ...

A gamma distribution is a general type of statistical distribution that is related to the beta distribution and arises naturally in processes for which the waiting times ...

The golden ratio, also known as the divine proportion, golden mean, or golden section, is a number often encountered when taking the ratios of distances in simple geometric ...

A root-finding method which was among the most popular methods for finding roots of univariate polynomials in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was invented independently by ...

Consider the recurrence equation defined by a_0=m and a_n=|_sqrt(2a_(n-1)(a_(n-1)+1))_|, (1) where |_x_| is the floor function. Graham and Pollak actually defined a_1=m, but ...