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A quadrilateral which has an incircle, i.e., one for which a single circle can be constructed which is tangent to all four sides. Opposite sides of such a quadrilateral ...

A triangular matrix U of the form U_(ij)={a_(ij) for i<=j; 0 for i>j. (1) Written explicitly, U=[a_(11) a_(12) ... a_(1n); 0 a_(22) ... a_(2n); | | ... |; 0 0 ... a_(nn)]. ...

The equation of motion for a membrane shaped as a right isosceles triangle of length c on a side and with the sides oriented along the positive x and y axes is given by where ...

A white bishop graph is a graph formed from possible moves of a bishop chess piece, which may make diagonal moves of any length on a chessboard (or any other board), when ...

An operation that takes two vector bundles over a fixed space and produces a new vector bundle over the same space. If E_1 and E_2 are vector bundles over B, then the Whitney ...

A Bäcklund transformation allows additional solutions to a nonlinear partial differential equations to be found if one particular solution is already known.

For the hyperbolic partial differential equation u_(xy) = F(x,y,u,p,q) (1) p = u_x (2) q = u_y (3) on a domain Omega, Goursat's problem asks to find a solution u(x,y) of (3) ...

A type of cryptography in which the encoding key is revealed without compromising the encoded message. The two best-known methods are the knapsack problem and RSA encryption.

The consideration of the result of a numerical calculation as a function of an adjustable parameter (usually the step size). The function can then be fitted and evaluated at ...

A sequence of approximations a/b to sqrt(n) can be derived by factoring a^2-nb^2=+/-1 (1) (where -1 is possible only if -1 is a quadratic residue of n). Then ...