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y=x(dy)/(dx)+f((dy)/(dx)) (1) or y=px+f(p), (2) where f is a function of one variable and p=dy/dx. The general solution is y=cx+f(c). (3) The singular solution envelopes are ...

Clausen's _4F_3 identity _4F_3(a,b,c,d; e,f,g;1)=((2a)_(|d|)(a+b)_(|d|)(2b)_(|d|))/((2a+2b)_(|d|)a_(|d|)b_(|d|)), (1) holds for a+b+c-d=1/2, e=a+b+1/2, a+f=d+1=b+g, where d a ...

Given a factor a of a number n=ab, the cofactor of a is b=n/a. A different type of cofactor, sometimes called a cofactor matrix, is a signed version of a minor M_(ij) defined ...

A labeled binary tree containing the labels 1 to n with root 1, branches leading to nodes labeled 2 and 3, branches from these leading to 4, 5 and 6, 7, respectively, and so ...

The differential forms on C^n decompose into forms of type (p,q), sometimes called (p,q)-forms. For example, on C, the exterior algebra decomposes into four types: ^ C = ^ ^0 ...

A measure which takes values in the complex numbers. The set of complex measures on a measure space X forms a vector space. Note that this is not the case for the more common ...

A connection game is a board game in which players compete to develop or complete a type of topological connection with their pieces. This could involve forming a path ...

A general mathematical property obeyed by mathematical objects in which all elements are within a neighborhood of nearby points. The continuous maps between topological ...

The convexity coefficient chi(D) of a region D is the probability that the line segment connecting two random points in D is contained entirely within D. For a convex region, ...

Consider a convex plane curve K with perimeter L, and the set of points P exterior to K. Further, let t_1 and t_2 be the perpendicular distances from P to K (with ...