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Roman (1984, p. 26) defines "the" binomial identity as the equation p_n(x+y)=sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)p_k(y)p_(n-k)(x). (1) Iff the sequence p_n(x) satisfies this identity for all y ...

There exist a variety of formulas for either producing the nth prime as a function of n or taking on only prime values. However, all such formulas require either extremely ...

An algorithm which allows digits of a given number to be calculated without requiring the computation of earlier digits. The BBP formula for pi is the best-known such ...

For n a positive integer, expressions of the form sin(nx), cos(nx), and tan(nx) can be expressed in terms of sinx and cosx only using the Euler formula and binomial theorem. ...

Roman (1984, p. 2) describes umbral calculus as the study of the class of Sheffer sequences. Umbral calculus provides a formalism for the systematic derivation and ...

There are several closely related results that are variously known as the binomial theorem depending on the source. Even more confusingly a number of these (and other) ...

The axiom of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory which asserts the existence for any set a and a formula A(y) of a set x consisting of all elements of a satisfying A(y), exists x ...

A transformation formula for continued fractions (Lorentzen and Waadeland 1992) which can, for example, be used to prove identities such as ...

A plane partition whose solid Ferrers diagram is invariant under the rotation which cyclically permutes the x-, y-, and z-axes. Macdonald's plane partition conjecture gives a ...

Erdős offered a $3000 prize for a proof of the proposition that "If the sum of reciprocals of a set of integers diverges, then that set contains arbitrarily long arithmetic ...