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A subset is a portion of a set. B is a subset of A (written B subset= A) iff every member of B is a member of A. If B is a proper subset of A (i.e., a subset other than the ...

A temporal point process is a random process whose realizations consist of the times {tau_j}_(j in J) of isolated events. Note that in some literature, the values tau_j are ...

There are (at least) two mathematical constants associated with Theodorus. The first Theodorus's constant is the elementary algebraic number sqrt(3), i.e., the square root of ...

A topological space, also called an abstract topological space, is a set X together with a collection of open subsets T that satisfies the four conditions: 1. The empty set ...

A pair of numbers m and n such that sigma^*(m)=sigma^*(n)=m+n, where sigma^*(n) is the unitary divisor function. Hagis (1971) and García (1987) give 82 such pairs. The first ...

Wolfram (2002, p. 123) considered the sequence related to the Collatz problem obtained by iterating w_n={3/2w_(n-1) for w_(n-1) even; 3/2(w_(n-1)+1) for w_(n-1) odd (1) ...

In this work, the name Pythagoras's constant will be given to the square root of 2, sqrt(2)=1.4142135623... (1) (OEIS A002193), which the Pythagoreans proved to be ...

The Spencer-Brown form is a simple mathematical concept that formalizes what a mathematical object is formally identical to what it is not (Spencer-Brown 1997, pp. ix and ...

The adjacency matrix, sometimes also called the connection matrix, of a simple labeled graph is a matrix with rows and columns labeled by graph vertices, with a 1 or 0 in ...

A puzzle involving disentangling a set of rings from a looped double rod, originally used by French peasants to lock chests (Steinhaus 1999). The word "baguenaudier" means ...